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The Portable Enlightenment Reader

The Age of Enlightenment of the 18th century, also called the Age of Reason, was so named for an intellectual movement that shook the foundations of Western civilization. In championing radical ideas such as individual liberty and an empirical appraisal of the universe through rational inquiry and natural experience, Enlightenment philosophers in Europe and America planted the seeds for modern liberalism, cultural humanism, science and technology, and laissez-faire Capitalism.

This volume brings together works from this era, with more than 100 selections from a range of sources. It includes examples by Kant, Diderot, Voltaire, Newton, Rousseau, Locke, Franklin, Jefferson, Madison, and Paine that demonstrate the pervasive impact of Enlightenment views on philosophy and epistemology as well as on political, social, and economic institutions.

Part 1. The Enlightenment Spirit : An Overview —

What is Enlightenment? / Kant —

The Human Mind Emerged from Barbarism / d'Alembert —

Encyclopedie / Diderot —

Definition of a Philosophe / Dumarsais —

Le mariage de Figaro / Beaumarchais —

The Magic Flute / Mozart —

The Future Progress of the Human Mind / Condorcet —

Part 2. Reason and Nature —

The New Science / Bacon —

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy / Newton —

The New Physics / Cotes —

On Bacon and Newton / Voltaire —

The Rat / Buffon —

The Utility of Science / Condorcet —

The Organization of Scientific Research / Priestley —

Letter to Joseph Priestley / Franklin —

Part 3. Reason and God —

On Superstition and Tolerance / Bayle —

A Letter Concerning Toleration / Locke —

On Enthusiasm / Shaftesbury —

The Argument for a Deity / Newton —

A Discourse of Free-Thinking / Collins —

If there is a God / Montesquieu —

Of Miracles and the Origin of Religion / Hume —

Reflections on Religion / Voltaire —

Profession of Faith of a Savoyard Vicar / Rousseau —

No need of theology —

only of reason / d'Holbach —

The Progress of Superstition / Gibbon —

Unitarianism / Priestley —

Religion : my views of it / Jefferson —

Something of my religion / Franklin —

The Temple of Reason ; The Age of Reason / Paine —

Part 4. Reason and Humanity —

I think, therefore I am / Descartes —

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding / Locke —

New Essays on Human Understanding / Leibnitz —

On Mr. Locke / Voltaire —

A Treatise of Human Nature / Hume —

Man a Machine / la Mettrie —

Of Ideas, Their Generation and Associations / Hartley —

The Philosophy of Common Sense / Reid —

Treatise on the Sensations / Condillac —

Some Thoughts Concerning Education / Locke —

Children and Civic Education / Rousseau —

Education for Civil and Active Life / Priestley —

The Fable of the Bees / Mandeville —

An Essay on Man / Pope —

Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure / Cleland —

Enjoyment and Tahiti / Diderot —

Concerning the Moral Sense / Hutcheson —

The Impartial Spectator / Smith —

A Treatise on Man / Helvetius —

Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals / Kant —

The Principle of Utility / Bentham —

On Wit / Addison —

Ideas of Beauty and Virtue / Hutcheson —

Discourse on Style / Buffon —

Of the Standard of Taste / Hume —

The Sublime / Burke —

On Theater and Morals / Rousseau —

On Custom and Fashion / Smith —

The Beautiful and Sublime / Kant —

Discourse on Art / Reynolds —

Part 5. Reason and Society —

The New Science / Vico —

The Utility of History / Bolingbroke —

History as Guide / Hume —

On Progress / Turgot —

A Critique of Progress / Rousseau —

In Defense of Modernity / Voltaire —

The Four-Stage Theory of Development / Smith —

The Progressive Character of Human Nature / Ferguson —

How glorious, then, is the prospect / Priestley —

The Perfectibility of Man / Condorcet —

The Second Treatise of Civil Government / Locke —

The Spirit of the Laws / Montesquieu —

Political Essays / Voltaire —

Discourse on the Origin of Inequality / Rousseau —

The Social Contract / Rousseau —

Common Sense / Paine —

The American Declaration of Independence —

Benevolent Despotism / Frederick the Great —

Federalist No. 10 / Madison —

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen —

The Rights of Man / Paine —

Enquiry Concerning Political Justice / Godwin —

The Royal Exchange / Addison —

Industry and the Way to Wealth / Franklin —

Of Luxury / Hume —

The Physiocratic Formula / Quesnay —

Economic Liberty / Turgot —

The Wealth of Nations / Smith —

The Severity of Criminal Laws / Montesquieu —

An Essay on Crimes and Punishments / Beccaria —

On Torture and Capital Punishment / Voltaire —

The State of Prisons / Howard —

Cases unmeet for punishment / Bentham —

Splendid Armies / Voltaire —

There never was a good war / Franklin —

Perpetual Peace / Kant —

Some Reflections upon Marriage / Astell —

Duties of Women / Rousseau —

The Fair Sex / Kant —

Women, Adored and Oppressed / Paine (attr.) —

A woman gossips much / Mozart —

Women's Education / Macaulay —

On the Equality of the Sexes / Constantia —

The Rights of Women / de Gouges —

Vindication of the Rights of Women / Wollstonecraft —

Negroes naturally inferior to the whites / Woolman —

The Difference between the Races / Kant —

Who are you, then, to make slaves / Diderot —

Bestial manners, stupidity, and vices / Long —

African slavery in America / Paine —

Of empires and savages / Gibbon —

On indians and negroes / Jefferson —

"Negro" Encyclopedia Britannica —

The end of empire / Priestley

  • Format
  • paperback
  • Pages
  • 670
  • Language
  • english
  • ISBN
  • 978-0-14-024566-0
  • EAN
  • 9780140245660
  • Genres
  • philosophy, history, school, literature, politics, anthologies, classics, college
  • Release date
  • 1995